Spatiotemporal analysis of event‐related fMRI to reveal cognitive states

Cognitive science has a rich history of developing theories of processing that characterize the mental steps involved in performance of many tasks. Recent work in neuroimaging and machine learning has greatly improved our ability to link cognitive processes with what is happening in the brain. This article analyzes a hidden semi‐Markov model‐multivoxel pattern‐analysis (HSMM‐MVPA) methodology that we have developed for inferring the sequence of brain states one traverses in the performance of a cognitive task. The method is applied to a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment where task boundaries are known that should separate states. The method is able to accurately identify those boundaries. Then, applying the method to synthetic data, we explore more fully those factors that influence performance of the method: signal‐to‐noise ratio, numbers of states, state sojourn times, and numbers of underlying experimental conditions. The results indicate the types of experimental tasks where applications of the HSMM‐MVPA method are likely to yield accurate and insightful results.     

Transient anisocoria after a traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: A case report

Context: Autonomic dysreflexia and dysautonomia can be a common complication following spinal cord injury, especially at levels of T6 and above and can lead to complications associated with the pupil. In this case report, we review autonomic dysreflexia, the anatomy and physiology of the sympathetic nervous system of the eye, as well as review the clinical relevance in understanding autonomic and pupillary changes in response to autonomic dysfunction.

Findings: We present a patient with an incomplete C4 level injury who was found to have isolated anisocoria on two separate occasions during his acute inpatient rehabilitation stay.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Anisocoria associated with abnormal sympathetic activation may be a clinical sign of dysautonomia.     

针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的处方规律初探

[目的]通过临床随机对照研究的质量评价,从循证医学角度对针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的处方规律进行探讨。[方法]计算机检索中国生物医学文献(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)和万方文献数据库,国外数据库Pubmed、Embase和Cochrane Library。中文检索词为针灸、轻度认知障碍、随机等。英文检索词为Acupuncture、Mild Cognitive Impairment等。检索时间截止至2018年6月30日。对符合纳入标准的针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的临床随机对照试验进行分析。按照Cochrane系统评价手册4.2.8进行方法学质量评价,对针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的处方规律进行探讨。[结果]共检索到相关文献319篇,按照纳入标准,筛选出14篇临床随机对照试验。研究结果显示针灸选穴以督脉头面颈项部穴位及五输穴、原穴居多,多选取百会、风池、神庭为主。[结论]有限证据支持针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的选穴以督脉头面颈项部穴位及五输穴、原穴居多,但由于纳入研究证据质量不高,需要进一步高质量研究支持。     

C57BL/6小鼠放射性心肺功能不全动物模型建立

目的 建立C57BL/6小鼠放射性心肺功能不全动物模型。方法 24只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、照射组。照射组接受胸部局部单次20 Gy电子线照射,照后饲养6个月。超声心动检查心功能,血气分析检测血氧分压(PaO₂),Tunel染色法检测细胞凋亡,Masson染色法检测心肺纤维化。结果 照射组LVEF (68.60±10.92)%与对照组(81.75±8.79)%降低(P<0.01);照射组心脏凋亡指数(23.90±6.60)%比对照组(3.25±3.38)%增高(P<0.01);照射组心脏CVF (15.42±5.72)%比对照组(1.45±0.64)%增高(P<0.01)。照射组PaO₂(86.10±7.60) mmHg比对照组PaO₂(107.16±9.01) mmHg下降(P<0.01);照射组肺脏凋亡指数(27.90±8.94)%比对照组(2.50±3.55)%增高(P<0.01);照射组肺脏CVF (17.76±5.77)%比对照组(2.50±3.55)%增高(P<0.01)。结论 辐射使心肺凋亡纤维化重塑,进而导致心肺功能的下降,成功构建C57BL/6小鼠放射性心肺功能不全动物模型。     

尿毒症相关性不安腿综合征的发病机制研究进展

尿毒症是继发性不安腿综合征最常见的病因之一，但相关机制尚未完全阐明。在尿毒症相关性不安腿综合征的发病机制中，间脑多巴胺能神经元受损所致的功能障碍、铁缺乏对运动障碍的直接调控及通过影响多巴胺能系统的间接调控、持续性的血液透析所致的静息状态、对硫铵代谢的影响等扮演重要角色。此外，周围神经病变、钙磷不平衡、基因、毒素刺激等因素可能也参与了尿毒症相关性不安腿综合征的发生与发展。     

曲美他嗪对冠心病合并左心功能不全的效果

目的 探讨冠心病合并左心功能不全患者行曲美他嗪治疗的临床效果.方法 选择医院于2016年3月—2017年4月期间接收的老年冠心病合并左心功能不全患者60例,采用随机数字表法形式均分为研究组和对照组,每组均30例.对照组行基础治疗,研究组在此基础上口服曲美他嗪,记录两组心功能指标以及不良反应发生率.结果 研究组治疗后LVEDD、LVESD指标低于对照组,左心室射血分数高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组和对照组在用药过程中均未出现严重的反应,研究组出现3例转氨酶上升,2例胃肠道不适;对照组出现2例转氨酶上升,组间对比P<0.05.结论 曲美他嗪行冠心病合并左心功能不全治疗效果明显,心肌功能以及血脂水平有所改善.